In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of a Series of Methylene Blue Analogues¶

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirste J. Mellish ◽  
Russell D. Cox ◽  
David I. Vernon ◽  
John Griffiths ◽  
Stanley B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photodynamic Activity

scholarly journals Silver nanoprisms enhances <em>in vitro</em> photodynamic activity of methylene blue against <em>Candida albicans</em>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Santos ◽  
Cláudio Rodrigues ◽  
Marques Silva ◽  
Adriana Fontes ◽  
Danielle Macêdo
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Silver Nanoprisms ◽  
Photodynamic Activity

In Vitro Photodynamic Activity of a Series of Methylene Blue Analogues¶

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirste J. Mellish ◽  
Russell D. Cox ◽  
David I. Vernon ◽  
John Griffiths ◽  
Stanley B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Photodynamic Activity

scholarly journals Marginal Adaptation and Micropermeability of Class II Cavities Restored with Three Different Types of Resin Composites—A Comparative Ten-Month In Vitro Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1660
Author(s):  
Sevda Mihailova Yantcheva
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Marginal Adaptation ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Polymerization Shrinkage ◽  
Gingival Margin ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ageing Period

The development of composite materials is subject to the desire to overcome polymerization shrinkage and generated polymerization stress. An indicator characterizing the properties of restorative materials, with specific importance for preventing secondary caries, is the integrity and durability of marginal sealing. It is a reflection of the effects of polymerization shrinkage and generated stress. The present study aimed to evaluate and correlate marginal integrity and micropermeability in second-class cavities restored with three different types of composites, representing different strategies to reduce polymerization shrinkage and stress: nanocomposite, silorane, and bulk-fill composite after a ten-month ageing period. Thirty standardized class ΙΙ cavities were prepared on extracted human molars. Gingival margins were 1 mm apical to the cementoenamel junction. Cavities were randomly divided into three groups, based on the composites used: FiltekUltimate-nanocomposite; Filtek Silorane LS-silorane; SonicFill-bulk-fill composite. All specimens were subjected to thermal cycles after that, dipped in saline for 10-mounds. After ageing, samples were immersed in a 2% methylene blue. Thus prepared, they were covered directly with gold and analyzed on SEM for assessment of marginal seal. When the SEM analysis was completed, the teeth were included into epoxy blocks and cut longitudinally on three slices for each cavity. An assessment of microleakage on stereomicroscope followed. Results were statistically analyzed. For marginal seal evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with more excellent results than SonicFill for marginal adaptation to the gingival margin, located entirely in the dentin. For microleakage evaluation: F.Ultimate and F.Silorane differ statistically with less microleakage than SonicFill. Based on the results obtained: a strong correlation is found between excellent results for marginal adaptation to the marginal gingival ridge and micropermeability at the direction to the axial wall. We observe a more significant influence of time at the gingival margin of the cavities. There is a significant increase in the presence of marginal fissures (p = 0.001). A significant impact of time (p < 0.000) and of the material (p < 0.000) was found in the analysis of the microleakage.

Levobupivacaine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta is calcium dependent

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Seok Baik ◽  
Ju-Tae Sohn ◽  
Seong-Ho Ok ◽  
Jae-Gak Kim ◽  
Hui-Jin Sung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Isolated Rat

Levobupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction in isolated vessels. The goals of this study were to investigate the calcium-dependent mechanism underlying levobupivacaine-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta in vitro and to elucidate the pathway responsible for the endothelium-dependent attenuation of levobupivacaine-induced contraction. Isolated rat aortic rings were suspended to record isometric tension. Cumulative levobupivacaine concentration–response curves were generated in either the presence or absence of the antagonists verapamil, nifedipine, SKF-96365, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate, Gd3+, NW-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), and methylene blue, either alone or in combination. Verapamil, nifedipine, SKF-96365, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborate, low calcium concentrations, and calcium-free Krebs solution attenuated levobupivacaine-induced contraction. Gd3+ had no effect on levobupivacaine-induced contraction. Levobupivacaine increased intracellular calcium levels in vascular smooth muscle cells. L-NAME, ODQ, and methylene blue increased levobupivacaine-induced contraction in endothelium-intact aorta. SKF-96365 attenuated calcium-induced contraction in a previously calcium-free isotonic depolarizing solution containing 100 mmol/L KCl. Levobupivacaine-induced contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle is mediated primarily by calcium influx from the extracellular space mainly via voltage-operated calcium channels and, in part, by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The nitric oxide – cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway is involved in the endothelium-dependent attenuation of levobupivacaine-induced contraction.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of microleakage in class V cavities using one-bottle and self-etching adhesive systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
Alex José Souza dos Santos ◽  
José Roberto Lovadino
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Class V ◽  
Bonding System ◽  
Root Dentin

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate quantitatively the microleakage in class V cavities restored with one-bottle and self-etching adhesive systems with and without previous acid etching. Two one-bottle adhesive systems (Single Bond and Prime & Bond 2.1) and one self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil Mega Bond) were used in this study. One hundred and twenty sound human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups, and 20 class V restorations were prepared in the root dentin to test each bonding system. Each bonding system was used with and without acid etching. Specimens were prepared, dyed with 2% methylene blue, sectioned, triturated, and evaluated with an absorbance spectrophotometer test in order to quantify the infiltrated dye. Results were statistically evaluated by ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test. No statistically significant differences were found among the adhesive systems when no etching agent was used. However, the Single Bond adhesive system showed statistically significant lower microleakage means than Clearfil Mega Bond and Prime & Bond 2.1 when 37% phosphoric acid was used. Single Bond and Clearfil Mega Bond adhesive systems presented similar behavior when the manufacturers' instructions were followed.

Comparison of the hemodynamic effects of nitric oxide and endothelium-dependent vasodilators in intact lungs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Archer ◽  
K. Rist ◽  
D. P. Nelson ◽  
E. G. DeMaster ◽  
N. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Hemodynamic Effects ◽  
Isolated Lung

The effects of endothelium-dependent vasodilation on pulmonary vascular hemodynamics were evaluated in a variety of in vivo and in vitro models to determine 1) the comparability of the hemodynamic effects of acetylcholine (ACh), bradykinin (BK), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-bromo-guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), 2) whether methylene blue is a useful inhibitor of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor (EDRF) activity in vivo, and 3) the effect of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension on the responsiveness of the pulmonary vasculature to ACh. In isolated rat lungs, which were preconstricted with hypoxia, ACh, BK, NO, and 8-bromo-cGMP caused pulmonary vasodilation, which was not inhibited by maximum tolerable doses of methylene blue. Methylene blue did not inhibit EDRF activity in any model, despite causing increased pulmonary vascular tone and responsiveness to various constrictor agents. There were significant differences in the hemodynamic characteristics of ACh, BK, and NO. In the isolated lung, BK and NO caused transient decreases of hypoxic vasoconstriction, whereas ACh caused more prolonged vasodilation. Pretreatment of these lungs with NO did not significantly inhibit ACh-induced vasodilation but caused BK to produce vasoconstriction. Tachyphylaxis, which was agonist specific, developed with repeated administration of ACh or BK but not NO. Tachyphylaxis probably resulted from inhibition of the endothelium-dependent vasodilation pathway proximal to NO synthesis, because it could be overcome by exogenous NO. Pretreatment with 8-bromo-cGMP decreased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and, even when the hypoxic pressor response had largely recovered, subsequent doses of ACh and NO failed to cause vasodilation, although BK produced vasoconstriction. These findings are compatible with the existence of feedback inhibition of the endothelium-dependent relaxation by elevation of cGMP levels. Responsiveness to ACh was retained in lungs with severe monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Many of these findings would not have been predicted based on in vitro studies and illustrate the importance for expanding studies of EDRF to in vivo and ex vivo models.

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